Arabic says "my", "your", "his" and so on with endings attached to the noun. The same endings also mark the object of a verb ("saw me") and follow prepositions ("with me").
Possessive endings
| Ending | Example | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|
| my | ـي -ii | كتابي kitaabii | my book |
| your (m) | ـكَ -ka | كتابُكَ kitaabuka | your book |
| your (f) | ـكِ -ki | كتابُكِ kitaabuki | your book |
| his | ـهُ -hu | كتابُهُ kitaabuhu | his book |
| her | ـها -haa | كتابُها kitaabuhaa | her book |
| your (two) | ـكما -kumaa | كتابُكما kitaabukumaa | your book |
| their (two) | ـهما -humaa | كتابُهما kitaabuhumaa | their book |
| our | ـنا -naa | كتابُنا kitaabunaa | our book |
| your (pl m) | ـكم -kum | كتابُكم kitaabukum | your book |
| your (pl f) | ـكنّ -kunna | كتابُكنّ kitaabukunna | your book |
| their (m) | ـهم -hum | كتابُهم kitaabuhum | their book |
| their (f) | ـهنّ -hunna | كتابُهنّ kitaabuhunna | their book |
The vowel before the ending (-u- above) is the noun's case ending.
- -hu becomes -hi after i or y: fii baytihi (in his house).
- Feminine ة becomes t: sayyaaratii (my car).
The same endings as objects
After a verb, the endings mean "me, you, him…". "Me" is -nii.
- رآنيra2aaniihe saw me
- رآكَra2aakahe saw you (m)
- رآهاra2aahaahe saw her
- رآهمra2aahumhe saw them
After prepositions
- معيma3iiwith me
- لكَlakafor you (m)
- عليه3alayhion him
- منهاminhaafrom her
"To have"
Fusha has no verb "to have". It uses 3inda ("at"), ladaa ("at, with") or li- ("for") plus an ending:
- عندي سيارةٌ3indii sayyaaratunI have a car.
- لديك وقتٌ؟ladayka waqtun?Do you (m) have time?
- لي أخٌlii akhunI have a brother.